The descriptive data of the object shape need to be summarized into a digital file, called 3D file. It can be created by using a 3D modeling software or by 3D scanning an object that already exists (for instance with a 3D scan). There is a large variety of software available, with different levels of complexity, depending on the requirements (individuals, industrial, designer, etc.). To learn more, you can read our tutorials on how to Prepare your file for 3D printing.
3D Printing makes a physical transcription, a ‘materialization’ of these digital data, which opens wide possibilities for creativity. This new printing method is often considered as being revolutionary as it takes a completely different logic and then older conventional production methods. With the traditional industrial processes, the machines remove material, 3D printing adds material.
For more information on the benefits of 3D printing compared to plastic molding and other manufacturing processes, you can refer to our Comparison between 3D printing and traditional manufacturing methods page.